Decentralization for Satisfying Basic Needs - 2nd Edition

An Economic Guide for Policymakers

By:
J. Michael McGuire, University of the Incarnate Word

A volume in the series: Research on Hispanic and Latino Business. Editor(s): Esther Elena Lopez-Mulnix, University of the Incarnate Word. Michael Mulnix, University of the Incarnate Word.

Published 2010

More than one in every five Latin Americans lives on less than $2 a day, and Latin America is the most unequal region in the world. The book tackles the problem of poverty and inequality in Latin America through the novel approach of using the decentralization of government functions to satisfy the basic needs of the poor. Decentralization can bring government closer to the people and strengthen the voice of the voiceless. Satisfying basic needs for services such as education and health care enhances productivity and imparts an indispensable opportunity to earn an income sufficient to emerge from poverty and to live a full life.

Part 1 describes the poverty and inequality of Latin America and the Basic Needs Approach to Development. Part 2 introduces a model of decentralization as a step-by-step process, and it shows the policymaker how to implement decentralization in stages through matching its various degrees with real-world circumstances. Part 3 enriches the understanding of policymakers by analyzing real-world cases of decentralization in light of the decentralization model.

The second edition includes two new chapters that cover the important but often neglected topic of taxation for inclusive development. Chapter 8 analyzes the influential tax advice of the World Bank in terms of its effect on decentralization and the satisfaction of basic needs. Appendix B of Chapter 8 presents an empirical analysis in support of the chapter’s argument that the Bank’s policy is in need of revision. Chapter 9 analyzes the effects of the World Bank’s tax advice on El Salvador’s tax reform and development process. Two other chapters have been extensively updated: Chapter 6 records and analyzes the rapid evolution of Mexico’s Oportunidades program for health, education and nutrition, and Chapter 10 evaluates the progress of the United States’ innovative program for foreign aid, The Millennium Challenge Account. Throughout the book, tables and references have been updated.

CONTENTS
Preface. Introduction. PART I: INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT. 1. Poverty and Inequality in Latin America. 2. Inclusive Development Through Satisfying Basic Needs. PART II: MODEL OF DECENTRALIZATION. 3. Effective Service Delivery. 4. Decentralization for Satisfying Basic Needs. PART III: CASE STUDIES. 5. Transfer-Led Decentralization in Mexico. 6. Oportunidades for Education, Health and Nutrition. 7. Community Government in Tlaxcala. 8. World Bank Tax Advice: Does It Foster Inclusive Development? 9. Tax Reform in El Salvador. 10. Decentralizing Foreign Aid of the United States. Conclusion. References. About the Author. Index